Non-compliance with the World Trade Organization agreements by exporters of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris

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dc.creator Smith-Ramírez, Cecilia
dc.creator Rendón-Funes, Adriana
dc.creator Leiva, Mario
dc.creator Arbetman, Marina
dc.creator Aizen, Marcelo
dc.creator Agüero, Luis
dc.date 2023
dc.date.accessioned 2023-12-18T13:02:53Z
dc.date.available 2023-12-18T13:02:53Z
dc.identifier.uri http://rdi.uncoma.edu.ar/handle/uncomaid/17624
dc.description.abstract international companies commercially rear bumblebees worldwide, the trade of which is regulated through agreements established by the World trade Organization (WtO). scientific studies have shown multiple negative effects of introduced commercial bumblebees on native bees in Japan, australia, sweden, israel, chile, and argentina, calling into question the compliance of exporting with some of the established WtO international sanitary regulations. We analyzed international WtO sanitary regulations focusing on the international trade of bumblebees from the european Union (eU) and israel, especially regarding bumblebee exports to chile and their side effects in neighboring argentina. We have gathered evidence showing that exporters of bumblebees do not comply with WtO international trade agreements in at least two ways: (1) the quality of commercialized bumblebees differs from the quality declared in their certifications, and (2) the countries that sell the bumblebees violate sanitary agreements, producing negative effects on other native pollinating insects and causing a cascade of adverse impacts affecting both the environment and agriculture. this situation suggests that companies that raise bumblebees are currently in breach of WtO regulations and continue to contribute to major environmental damage in southern south america and elsewhere. es_ES
dc.format application/pdf es_ES
dc.format.extent pp. 1-12 es_ES
dc.language eng es_ES
dc.publisher Taylor & Francis es_ES
dc.relation.uri https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2023.2256173 es_ES
dc.rights Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 2.5 Argentina es_ES
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/ es_ES
dc.source Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy. 2023, Vol. 19, no. 1. es_ES
dc.subject Commerce regulations es_ES
dc.subject Globalization es_ES
dc.subject Pathogens es_ES
dc.subject Sanitary es_ES
dc.subject Phytosanitary measures es_ES
dc.subject.other Ciencias de la Tierra y Medio Ambiente es_ES
dc.title Non-compliance with the World Trade Organization agreements by exporters of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris es_ES
dc.type Articulo es
dc.type article eu
dc.type acceptedVersion eu
dc.description.fil Fil: Smith-Ramírez, Cecilia. Universidad de Los Lagos. Department of Biological Sciences and Biodiversity; Chile. es_ES
dc.description.fil Fil: Smith-Ramírez, Cecilia. Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity; Chile. es_ES
dc.description.fil Fil: Smith-Ramírez, Cecilia. Universidad Austral. Faculty of Forestry Science and Natural Resources. Institute of Conservation, Biodiversity and Territory; Chile. es_ES
dc.description.fil Fil: Rendón-Funes, Adriana. Universidad de Los Lagos. Department of Biological Sciences and Biodiversity; Chile. es_ES
dc.description.fil Fil: Rendón-Funes, Adriana. Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity; Chile. es_ES
dc.description.fil Fil: Leiva, Mario. Universidad de Los Lagos. Department of Biological Sciences and Biodiversity; Chile. es_ES
dc.description.fil Fil: Arbetman, Marina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. es_ES
dc.description.fil Fil: Arbetman, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. es_ES
dc.description.fil Fil: Aizen, Marcelo A. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. es_ES
dc.description.fil Fil: Aizen, Marcelo A. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. es_ES
dc.description.fil Fil: Aizen, Marcelo A. . Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin; Alemania. es_ES
dc.description.fil Fil: Agüero, Luis. Isla Butachauques, región de los lagos; Chile. es_ES
dc.cole Artículos es_ES


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